1	U.S. Policy on Preventing Animal Diseases: A Federal, State and Industry Partnership
2	Safeguarding Animal Health An integrated system for preventing, detecting and appropriately responding to adverse animal health events. Real or perceived impacts of diseases, pests, vectors, toxins, or natural disasters on productivity, trade, or public health.
3	Foreign Animal Diseases (FADs) Diseases never present in the US or eradicated after intensive, expensive, and long duration campaigns The US has eradicated 13 important animal diseases There are >50 animal diseases foreign to the US Some foreign animal diseases can affect humans (Zoonotic)
4	Diseases Eradicated from the U.S. 1892 Contagious Bovine Pleuopneumonia 1929 Foot-and-mouth Disease 1929 Fowl Plague 1934 Glanders 1942 Dourine 1943 Texas cattle Fever 1959 Vesicular Exanthema 1959 & 1966 Screwworm (southeast & southwest) 1971 Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis 1973 Sheep Scabies 1974 Exotic Newcastle Disease 1978 Classical Swine Fever (Hog Cholera) 1985 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza
5	Office International des Epizooties List A Diseases Foot and Mouth Disease Vesicular Stomatitis Swine Vesicular Disease Rinderpest Peste des Petits Ruminants Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia Lumpy Skin Disease Rift Valley Fever Bluetongue Sheep & Goat Pox African Horse Sickness African Swine Fever Classical Swine Fever Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Newcastle Disease
6	Office International des Epizooties List B Diseases (Selected) Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy Heartwater New World Screwworm Theileriosis Trypanosomosis Contagious Equine Metritis Malignant Catarrhal Fever Venezuelan Equine Encephalomyelitis Japanese Encephalitis
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8	Foot-and-Mouth Disease Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is an extremely contagious, viral disease of domestic cloven-hoofed and many wild animals, characterized by fever, vesicular lesions and, subsequent erosions of the epithelium of the mouth, tongue, nares, muzzle, feet, and teats.
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10	Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) is a chronic, degenerative, lethal disease affecting the central nervous system of cattle. BSE belongs to the family of diseases known as the Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies (TSEs)
11	Current Disease Eradication Programs Bovine Tuberculosis Bovine Brucellosis Swine Brucellosis Swine Pseudorabies Scrapie (early stages)
12	Other Disease Programs Certified Testing Programs Equine Infectious Anemia Contagious Equine Metritis Aquaculture (selected) Monitoring / Control Programs Chronic Wasting Disease Johne's Disease
13	Proficiency Testing Programs Brucellosis Pseudorabies Equine Infectious Anemia Bluetongue Bovine Leukosis Contagious Equine Metritis Tuberculosis Chronic Wasting Disease
14	Emergency Management Principles Preparedness Prevention Response Recovery
15	FAD - Preparedness Disease Information Host range Agent & vectors Epidemiology Clinical & pathological manifestations Prevention alternatives
16	FAD – Preparedness (cont..) Foreign Intelligence & Activities Geographic distribution International standards (OIE Code) International reference centers Trade patterns USDA Agricultural Attachés USDA foreign cooperative programs
17	FAD - Preparedness (cont..) Education & Training FAD courses FAD instructional materials FAD awareness programs Foreign assignments
18	FAD - Preparedness (cont..) Emergency Management Systems Federal & State emergency plans Documentation Test exercises Partnerships
19	FAD - Prevention Strict restrictions on importation of animals and products Live animal imports Embryos & semen imports Animal product imports Meat, milk, cheese, cells, sera, etc. Strict agent controls
20	FAD - Prevention (cont..) Foreign garbage Commercial and private vessels Passenger bags Domestic garbage feeding Swine garbage feeding controls Restrictions on feeding of rendered ruminant proteins
21	FAD - Prevention (cont..) Strong animal health infrastructure Federal – State – Industry – Academic Federal – State – Native Americans National Animal Health Emergency Management System Animal Health Protection Act Surveillance & Monitoring Active & passive testing
22	FAD - Prevention (cont..) Prompt diagnosis Foreign Animal Disease Diagnosticians Early Response Teams Surveillance programs Ante mortem Inspection - FSIS Laboratory capabilities State, Federal & Private
23	Location of Foreign Animal Disease Diagnosticians
24	Veterinary Federal & Accredited Diagnostic Laboratories
25	Discovery of an outbreak Someone has to suspect it ! Someone has to ask for help ! Someone has to investigate it ! Someone has to report findings ! Someone has to raise the red flag !
26	Someone has to suspect it ! Producer Awareness Education Private Veterinarian Knowledge Experience Skill
27	Someone has to ask for help ! Private / Corporate Veterinarian Know where to go for help Act decisively and promptly Implement initial local response Be very responsible
28	Someone has to investigate it ! State or Federal Veterinarian Federal-State coordination Proper training Initial epidemiologic evaluation State or Federal Laboratory Capabilities Biocontainment
29	Someone has to report findings ! State to Federal Communication Privacy concerns Commercial concerns Plan for the unthinkable Prompt Accurate Report Act fast Act responsibly
30	Someone has to raise the red flag ! State Response Initial quarantine measures Initial eradication actions State emergency management response Federal Response Emergency declarations Quarantine measures National emergency management response
31	FMD Response Quarantine, stop movement of animals and products Disinfection of vehicles and personnel Slaughter of infected and contact animals Destruction of infected carcasses Strategic vaccination
32	BSE Response Quarantine, stop movement of animals and products Slaughter of affected animals, cohorts and progeny Destruction of affected carcasses Surveillance and trace backs
33	Concluding Remarks We have an effective Federal, State and Industry partnership protecting the U.S. from serious animal diseases Recent events have proven the importance of continued vigilance and strengthening this partnership
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